ACVPM Toxicology Practice Exam

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• Which group of plants is associated with anticholinesterase effects?
• What is the primary mechanism of toxicity for organophosphate and carbamate insecticides?
• LC50 and LD50 refer to what type of measurement?
• Which class of pesticides is associated with eggshell thinning and estrogenic effects in birds?
• Regarding residues, which statement is true for phenoxy and dipyridyl (paraquat) herbicides in exposed livestock?
• Which plants cause GI toxicity (vomiting and diarrhea)?
• Which plant is known for estrogenic effects on reproduction?
• In bromethalin toxicity, decreased ATP production leads to which cellular consequence?
• Which plants cause weakness or paralysis due to neurotoxicity?
• Anticoagulant rodenticides exert their toxic effects by which mechanism?
• What type of dysfunction is primarily associated with fumonisin toxicity across affected species, and what is the mechanism?
• Health effects associated with exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde include which of the following?
• Which organ is primarily affected in aflatoxicosis?
• Pentachlorophenol is used as which types of compounds and how does it induce toxicologic damage?
• After exposure of livestock to pyrethrins/pyrethroids/rotenone/amitraz, are residues in edible tissues expected to be high?
• What are the primary clinical signs of pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis in animals?
• Chronic toxicity may lead to which adaptation?
• Ionophores used in poultry are polyethers produced by which organism?
• Which plants are neurotoxicants associated with CNS depression?
• Which growth phase is associated with higher cyanide content in plants?
• What effects do organochlorine pesticides cause in wildlife?
• Which of the following is NOT an ionophore used in livestock?
• Which wildlife effect is typical of organochlorine pesticides?
• Which plants cause GI toxicity (stinging, inflammation, swelling of oral mucosa)?
• Which plants are neurotoxicants with anticholinergic effects?
• Which plant part typically contains the highest cyanide content?
• Which compound is an organic mercury form?
• Which term describes the disease state resulting from exposure to a poison?
• Which plant in the miscellaneous cardiotoxicity category is represented by Japanese and English yews?
• Volatile organic compounds are commonly groundwater contaminants.
• How is antifreeze poisoning treated?
• Which plant causes cardiotoxicity involving altered peripheral circulation?
• Cyanide toxicosis can arise from which plant groups?
• Which plant is listed under cardiotoxicity due to andromedotoxicosis (grayanotoxins)?
• Ionophores used in veterinary medicine are primarily employed as
• Which fungus is responsible for ergot on grasses and is associated with agalactia?
• Which plants are neurotoxicants associated with seizures and increased CNS activity?
• Which plant is known for thiaminase activity causing neurological signs in horses?
• Which form of arsenic is used in heartworm therapy?
• Zearalenone is produced by Fusarium roseum and Gibberella zea and commonly contaminates which substrates?
• In agricultural contexts, mycotoxins are produced by Fusarium in the field and by which fungi during storage?
• What is the mechanism of toxicologic damage by organophosphate and carbamate insecticides?
• Which oxidation state of inorganic arsenic is most toxic?
• What is the mechanism of ethylene glycol toxic injury?
• M1 is a metabolite of which aflatoxin and found in milk?
• Which plants cause pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis with hepatic signs? (flowers MOST TOXIC and carcinogenic)
• In zinc toxicosis, dogs most commonly present with which signs?
• Which statement best defines a toxicant (poison)?
• Which plant is associated with nephrotoxicity due to cholecalciferol toxicosis?
• What are sources for chronic copper toxicosis in sheep?
• Which combination of grasses is commonly associated with high nitrate accumulation leading to methemoglobinemia?
• Non-protein nitrogen (NPN) products added to ruminant feed serve what primary purpose and what are the major ingredients?
• Which organ systems are typically affected in lead poisoning?
• Which plant causes cardiotoxicity in the miscellaneous toxicoses category?
• Which statement best describes the toxicokinetics of lead?
• Milkweed is listed as a neurotoxicant causing seizures and increased CNS activity. Which statement is true?
• How can aflatoxins be tested in the field?
• Lead poisoning in young horses may cause which skeletal abnormality?
• Which plant family includes Mustards (Brassica) associated with GI toxicity?
• Fumonisin toxicosis shows species-specific signs. Which pairing correctly matches the species with its typical syndrome?
• Which plant is among the most toxic and carcinogenic due to pyrrolizidine alkaloids?
• Dioxin exposure can originate from which sources?
• Which clinical sign is associated with organic pentavalent arsenic exposure?
• What are the major ingredients in non-protein nitrogen supplements intended for ruminants?
• Which forage grass is associated with agalactia?
• What is the environmental concern with organochlorine insecticides?
• What is the mechanism by which ionophores exert toxicity?
• Which mercury form is better absorbed via the GI tract?
• Gossypol toxicity targets certain organ systems; which organ is NOT listed as a target?
• Heartworm therapy in dogs has been reported as a source of exposure to which toxin?
• Which form of arsenic is commonly used as a feed additive?
• Which plant is associated with estrogenic effects in reproduction?
• Which dog breed commonly shows chronic hepatic copper accumulation?
• Which plants cause GI toxicity (secondary photosensitization)?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes dosage and dose?
• Aflatoxins are produced by which fungi?
• Which statement best describes how petroleum products cause toxicity?
• Lead poisoning in livestock: primary storage site for lead is which tissue?
• Which statement best describes ruminant susceptibility to certain mycotoxins?
• Which plant causes hemolysis?
• Which plant is associated with pulmonary toxicosis?
• What are clinical signs due to organophosphates and carbamates insecticides?
• Which statement best describes the properties of fumonisins relative to other mycotoxins?
• How do strychnine rodenticides exert their toxic effect?
• What are the major plant toxicity categories?
• Which statement best describes the classification of ionophores?
• What are clinical signs due to organochlorine poisoning?
• Injectable iron preps are most likely to cause which signs?
• Aflatoxins are produced by which fungi and commonly contaminate which substrates?
• Gossypol toxicity from cottonseed affects which organ systems, with malnutrition appearing after weeks?
• Which plants cause nephrotoxicity (oxalate toxicosis)?
• Zinc toxicosis in livestock commonly presents with which combination of signs?
• What are the most common rodenticides causing poisoning in animals?
• Which plant is associated with hemorrhagic toxicosis due to the anticoagulant agent dicoumarol?
• Physiological stress in sheep with chronic copper toxicosis can precipitate which outcome?
• Which plants cause hepatic toxicity (hepatocellular degeneration)?
• Phenoxy herbicide toxicosis in cattle, swine, and dogs primarily presents with which signs?
• Which plant genus is associated with abortion in livestock?
• Which plants are neurotoxicants associated with incoordination, depression, or agitation?
• Which statement about nitrates and ruminants is accurate?
• What blood lead level is associated with clinical signs in animals?
• Which form of mercury poisoning is most closely associated with dermal and neurologic signs?
• Bromethalin causes toxicity by which mechanism?
• Which of the following describes sources of ethylene glycol exposure?
• Volatile organic compounds are defined as compounds with which properties?
• Which statement best describes the mechanism of fumonisin toxicity with respect to sphingolipid metabolism?
• Is testing acetylcholinesterase activity recommended after exposure to carbamates?
• In arsenic toxicokinetics, which statement is true?
• DNA adducts refer to what in toxicology?
• True or False: Livestock poisoned with organophosphate and carbamate insecticides should not be consumed.
• Mercuric salt poisoning is primarily associated with which organ systems?
• Which factors predispose ruminants to urea toxicosis?
• Diets high in copper or calcium have what effect on zinc toxicokinetics?
• What does LD50 measure?
• Zearalenone estrogenic effects are primarily observed in which species?
• Which plant causes cardiotoxicity in the digitalis glycoside toxicosis category?
• Which of the following is an inorganic mercury source?
• Which aflatoxin is most abundant?
• Which of the following are sources of chromium poisoning?
• Which plant is associated with cardiotoxicity due to grayanotoxins (grayanotoxicosis)?
• Which statement about lead exposure in dairy cattle is true?
• Acute toxicity describes effects that occur during what time frame after exposure?
• In horses, ionophore toxicosis typically presents in what sequence of clinical signs?
• Which crop is a nitrate-containing plant commonly implicated in methemoglobinemia?
• Zearalenone in milk is common?
• Which plant is associated with nephrotoxicity (renal failure)?
• Which plant contains ricin and is listed among GI toxicants?
• Which plant causes primary photosensitization?
• Which statement best defines toxicity?
• Which item is included as a major plant toxicity category?
• Chronic toxicity is produced by prolonged exposure to toxicants or poisons for 3 months or longer; prolonged exposure may lead to what adaptation?
• Which statement best describes mercury forms and absorption?
• Which statement correctly describes sources of petroleum products?
• Which plant is also a nephrotoxin in the cholecalciferol toxicosis group along with night-blooming jessamine and oak?
• Which of the following is a source of lead exposure?
• FDA considers aflatoxin in milk to be a regulatory violation.
• Besides Bedlington Terriers, which breed is commonly affected by chronic hepatic copper accumulation?
• Which option correctly identifies the routes by which toxicants can interfere with life processes?
• Which plant example is associated with methemoglobinemia from nitrates?
• Paraquat is commonly categorized as which type of herbicide?
• Which of the following lists are ionophores used in livestock?
• In dogs, chronic hepatic copper accumulation is reported in Bedlington Terriers and which other breed?
• Which animals are more susceptible to aflatoxicosis?
• Which mycotoxin is water-soluble and heat-stable?
• Phosphine gas is produced in poisoning with which rodenticides?
• Which plant is a cycad linked to hepatic toxicity?
• Which plant group is known for anticholinergic neurotoxicity?
• What are the clinical signs of chromium poisoning?
• Mycotoxins are produced by which organisms as secondary metabolites?
• Which domestic species is most susceptible to organochlorine poisoning?
• Which statement best defines toxin?
• Which species are commonly affected by phenoxy herbicide toxicosis?
• Which of the following is a common source of iron poisoning?
• Which plant is a known nephrotoxin within the cholecalciferol toxicosis group and is commonly associated with oak trees?
• Which plants have neuromuscular (nicotinic) effects?
• What are sources of thallium?
• Which plant is associated with hematopoietic depression?
• Which species is most commonly associated with fumonisin-induced GI signs?
• Which plant is teratogenic in livestock?
• What is the mechanism of fumonisin toxicity in relation to sphingolipid metabolism?
• Which practice reduces nitrate content in stored forages?
• Environmental conditions promoting aflatoxin production include which combination?
• Which statement best describes the persistence of organochlorine pesticides?
• What are the common clinical signs of aflatoxicosis in animals?
• Which blue-green alga is associated with hepatic toxicity?
• Dioxin toxicity is known to affect multiple organ systems. Which functions are commonly impacted?
• Which of the following is a source of zinc toxicosis?
• Which plant causes cardiotoxicity in the digitalis-like glycoside toxicosis category?
• What is the primary toxic mechanism of non-protein nitrogen toxicosis in ruminants?
• Volatile organic compounds generated in the atmosphere contribute to the formation of which pollutant?
• Which of the following is a source of arsenic exposure in animals?
• Bromethalin is described as an alternative rodenticide to warfarin. Its primary mechanism is which?
• Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by certain Fusarium species. On which crop are they most commonly found, and under what growing conditions are they favored?
• In livestock exposed to alkyl mercury, what is the recommended practice for human consumption?
• Which of the following is an example of a volatile organic compound?